Starting a fantasy RP is... hard
All good points.
And keep in mind that a lot of detailed worlds were not only built over many years, but often had multiple people adding their help and two cents to it. Some games, like Dungeon World, are designed for getting the players to help build the world as they go along.
My own gaming world was started by two other people back when I first started playing. It consisted of a roll of yellow construction paper tacked up on the wall of his basement. A dot was put on the map, which was the hometown of one of the players. Then another dot was added about an inch away. That was the hometown of one of that players henchmen; it was a day's ride away.
And that's how the world started.
The biggest thing you'd have to learn is that not every technique works for everyone. The world I (and others) built never had a 'tag line'. I'd even have trouble coming up with one now for a campaign I'd start.
I'd say the trick is to start small... unless you are one of those brilliant designers who can envision the whole world in toto.
Also keep in mind that no matter what you start out with, it will change and evolve just as you do, and depending on the players you have.
Don't try to do it all at the beginning. If you want to keep it simple to start with, then put them in a free city. That way you don't have to worry about the politics and nearby countries and stuff... at least not right off the bat.
As for deities, again, details aren't necessary. If you have a cleric or paladin that worships a warrior god, that's all you need to know to start. He can get a name later.
I'd probably start with how you want to generate characters. And then work on each step.
For example, some systems start with Ability scores. Will PCs be average, above average? How high can they get? How will they improve them? Will the ability scores dictate what race they can be? What class they can be?
Or maybe you want to start on races first. Rather than delve into variants, either give players the option of 4-5 different races, or make them all variants of the same race, such as Elves (High, Grey, Moon, Sun, Wood, Wild, Fire, Frost, Aquatic, Wind, etc.). Or, if you put them in a specific setting, such as the Arctic, then everyone has to have the 'Frost' template.
With every decision you make, you'll be building your world in increments, as each decision leads to another one.