Pathfinder is largely considered D&D 3.X. That is to say that while PF was based on 3.5, they are indeed different games mechanically. They still have many of the same rules and if you were to switch from 3.5 to PF, you'd be able to be up and playing relatively quickly. PF introduced some simplifications for cumbersome mechanics like the grapple rules, condensed some things like skills, as well as changing the way you rank up skills to be more intuitive, and made it so leveling up a class is more exciting than marking off the increase of your new BAB by introducing new skills, class mechanics, and more.
If you want to take a look at what you can expect from Pathfinder, head on over to
http://www.d20pfsrd.com/ and check out what they have going. It's a great site that's constantly updated with all of the rules and supplements. They just released their Advanced Class Guide so a bunch of new classes to choose from so now's a great time to try it out!